Infants and Children

Infants must be assessed and treated in a manner to avoid hypothermia.

Your answer:
TrueFalse

Unlike toddlers and preschoolers, school age children will be able to relate a good history about what happened.

Your answer:
TrueFalse

Whenever you suction an infant or child, measure the catheter prior to insertion and suction only as far as you can see.

Your answer:
TrueFalse

Blow-by oxygen allows delivery of oxygen to an infant or child without placing a mask directly on the child's face.

Your answer:
TrueFalse

Most parents feel a sense of lost of control and helplessness when their child is sick or injured.

Your answer:
TrueFalse

Most toddlers do not mind being touched by strangers.

Your answer:
TrueFalse

The parent can be the most help in the evaluation of a toddler.

Your answer:
TrueFalse

The most important differences between infants and children and adults involve the airway.

Your answer:
TrueFalse

Compared with an adult, the airway of a child is _______ and _______ blocked by secretions and swelling.

Your answer:
smaller, more easily
larger, not easily
smaller, not easily
larger, more easily

In infants and children, the ________ are relatively _________ in relation to the mouth as compared with adults.

Your answer:
tongue, large
mouth, large
teeth, large
gums, small

For infants, the rate of flow for blow-by oxygen should be _______ L/min and ______ L/min.

Your answer:
5, 10
4, 8
6, 12
5, 8

The recommended rate for artifical ventilation in infants and children is once every _____ seconds or _____ times a minute.

Your answer:
2, 28
3, 12
4, 15
3, 20

Which of the following statements concerning foreign body airway obstruction is true?

Your answer:
Use abdominal thrusts for a responsive child with an obstruction as you would for an adult
Unresponsive infants should receive back blows and abdominal thrusts for complete airway obstruction
Blind finger sweeps should be performed for infants when there is a known history of foreign body obstruction
When performing abdominal thrusts on the unresponsive child, use the heel of two hands and give 6 to 10 thrusts before inspecting the airway.

Which of the following statements is true concerning seizures in pediatric patients.

Your answer:
Always place patients in the recovery position following seizures
A bite block inserted into the patient's mouth can be helpful in controlling the airway.
Seizures are rarely dangerous, even if they last for 30 minutes or more.
A nasopharyngeal airway can be helpful in keeping the tongue off of the back of the throat following a seizure

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) usually occurs in patients less than ____ months of age.

Your answer:
12
24
18
20

When a child has been burned, the biggest concern after airway and breathing is __________.

Your answer:
vomiting
hypovolemia
hyperthermia
hypothermia

Which age group, developmentally, does not like to be separated from the parents but otherwise tolerates assessment well?

Your answer:
preschool children
toddlers
school-age children
newborns and infants

Which age group, developmentally, fears permanent injury, are modest, fear disfigurement, and should be treated as adults?

Your answer:
adolescents
toddlers
school-age children
preschool children

Which of the following statements is true?

Your answer:
A child's tongue is relatively small in comparison with the mouth
Children compensate for respiratory compromise by decreasing their respiratory rate.
An infant's airway is less developed and less flexible than an adult's.
Infants are obligate nose breathers

Which of the following statements about oral and nasal airways is true?

Your answer:
The nasopharyngeal airway is more likely to stimulate vomiting than the oral airway in the child.
Nasal airways are useful in children following seizures.
The preferred method of inserting an oral airway for a child is by rotating the airway 180 degrees into place
The nasal airway only can be inserted into the right nostril.

Which of the folloiwng statements about oxygen delivery for infants and children is true?

Your answer:
Parents can be used to assist in delivering oxygen to the patient.
Nonrebreather masks should not be used for infants because the oxygen concentration is too high.
The flow rate for oxygen delivery via a nonrebreather mask is 4 L/min in children.
Blow-by oxygen means the oxygen is blown direcly into the patient's mouth and nose by placing a mask on the patient's face.

When ventilating a child patient:

Your answer:
ventilate the patient until you see a gentle chest rise
use a BVM with a 250 mL bag
make sure the BVM is equipped with a pop-off valve to reduce gastric distention
the ventilation rate is 30 breaths per minute or one breath every 2 seconds

Which of the following statements about assessing an infant or child is true?

Your answer:
Assess the child patient from the head to trunk, then from toes to trunk.
Patients should be considered :V - responsive to voice" in the AVPU categories only if they follow commands.
Capillary refill should take less than 4 seconds if the patient is perfusing adequately.
Infants and children generally have mottled skin before they have cyanosis.

Where would you assess the pulse of a responsive 6-month-old patient?

Your answer:
carotid artery
posterior tibial artery
brachial artery
radial artery

EMT-Basics should assess blood pressure for patients older than ________.

Your answer:
2
3
5
1

How should a complete obstruction of the airway be cleared for a responsive 3-year-old child?

Your answer:
back blows and chest thrusts
abdominal thrusts
back blows and abdominal thrusts
back blows

Which of the following is a sign of a complete upper airway obstruction?

Your answer:
The patient has expiratory wheezes
The patient is unable to cough
The patient has a history of airway disease
The skin is pink

Which of the following is a sign of early respiratory distress?

Your answer:
limp muscle tone
cyanosis
wheezing
weak or absent distant pulse

Which of the following is true:

Your answer:
The patient's response to care provided for a seizure should help to EMT-Basic decide what caused the seizure.
Altered mental status may be caused by head trauma or infection.
Providing good chest compressions is the priority for a near-drowning patient.
Activated charcoal should not be administered to children.

Which of the following statements is true concerning Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?

Your answer:
SIDS is most common in the third year of life.
Do not attempt to resuscitate these patients with basic life-support measures
SIDS deaths do not have an apparent cause or singificant history.
Question the parents about care and neglect

What type of injury is most common in children?

Your answer:
penetrating trauma
blunt brauma
burns
drowning

What area of the body is most commonly injured in children?

Your answer:
abdomen
chest
head
extremities

What is the most common cause of hypoxia in the unresponsive patient with head injury?

Your answer:
Failure of EMS personnel to ventilate the patient.
The tongue of the patient obstructing the airway
Damage to the trachea.
The head injury itself.

Which of the following is true regarding child abuse and neglect?

Your answer:
Physical abuse is more serious than emotional abuse.
Neglect is an improper action that injures a child
One sign of abuse are parents who seem inappropriately unconcerned about their child.
If abuse is suspected, question the parents at the scene.

What is the name of the tube placed directly into the stomach for feeding?

Your answer:
central line
tracheostomy tube
shunt
gastric tube