Airway

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  1. Inspiration flattens the diaphragm, pulling air into the lungs through the nose and mouth.

    2. Your answer:
    TrueFalse

  2. Exhalation and inhalation are considered active processes.

    3. Your answer:
    TrueFalse

  3. The normal range of respiratory rates for an adult is:

    4. Your answer:
    15-18
    10-12
    12-30
    12-20

  4. Nonrebreather masks can deliver up to _____ oxygen at 15 L/min.

    5. Your answer:
    90%
    97%
    100%
    92%

  5. Like the nonrebreather mask, the nasal cannula delivers high oxygen concentration to the patient, and therefore is a good alternative to the nonrebreather mask.

    6. Your answer:
    TrueFalse

  6. The flow rate of a nasal cannula can be set to a maximum of _____ L/min.

    7. Your answer:
    2
    4
    6
    8

  7. The most common method of opening the airway for a trauma patient is the head-tilt, chin-lift technique.

    8. Your answer:
    TrueFalse

  8. How would you insert an oral airway for a child?

    9. Your answer:
    Right side up, with a tongue depressor
    Oral airways are not recommended for children under 16 years of age
    Right side up, using a tongue depressor
    Upside down, then gently rotate into place

  9. The nasal airway is preferred for patients who have a gag reflex.

    10. Your answer:
    TrueFalse

  10. Which statement about the rigid suction catheter is NOT true?

    11. Your answer:
    Should be inserted until you can no longer see the tip
    Easy to control
    Can be used on unresponsive patients
    Also called tonsil tip

  11. Which of the following statements about bulb syringes is true?

    12. Your answer:
    Can only be used for newborns up to 2 days of age
    Dangerous to use for infants and children
    Used to suction the mouth and nose
    Inserted into the nostril and them compressed

  12. Suctioning should never last more than _____ before applying more oxygen.

    13. Your answer:
    20 seconds
    1 minute
    15 seconds
    30 seconds

  13. Mouth-to-mask is the preferred ventilation method because:

    14. Your answer:
    Only one hand is used to form a mask seal
    It provides excellent ventilatory volumes
    It requires two people to ventilate the patient
    There is no need to use an oxygen source with the mask.

  14. Which of the following statements is true regarding one- and two-person bag-valve-mask techniques?

    15. Your answer:
    With two people, one person maintains the mask seal and squeezes the bag and the second maintains an open airway.
    With two people, one person maintains the mask seal and the second squeezes the bag
    The one-person technique is preferred when it is difficult to maintain the mask seal.
    With the one- and two-person technique, ventilate adult patients every second until the chest rises.

  15. The flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device:

    16. Your answer:
    Is safe for infants and children
    Can deliver oxygen at 65 L/min
    Does not require the EMT-Basix to maintain a mask seal
    Delivers 100% oxygen when the trigger is pushed

  16. Which of the following is a modification that must be made when ventilating a trauma patient?

    17. Your answer:
    The adult patient should be ventilated every 3 seconds
    Use head-tilt, chin-lift technique
    The EMT-Basic maintaining the mask seal also performs the jaw thrust
    Seal the mask over the bridge of nose and well below the chin

  17. Oral airways should never be used on trauma patients.

    18. Your answer:
    TrueFalse

  18. If at all possible, try to leave dentures and other dental appliances in place. They add shape and structure, making it easier to create a mask seal.

    19. Your answer:
    TrueFalse

  19. Which of the following occurs during inhalation?

    20. Your answer:
    the diaphragm raises
    the ribs move downward and inward
    the diaphragm relaxes
    the chest expands

  20. Which of the following is the average breathing rate in children?

    21. Your answer:
    12-50 breaths per minute
    15-30 breaths per minute
    12-20 breaths per minute
    25-50 breaths per minute

  21. Which of the following is characteristic of adequate breathing?

    22. Your answer:
    equal chest expansion
    shallow respiration
    irregular rhythm
    diminished or absent breath sounds

  22. A patient presents with difficulty breathing, a respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute, and cyanotic mucous membranes. The patient says that he is on oxygen at home via nasal cannula at 4 L/min. How would you deliver oxygen to the patient?

    23. Your answer:
    nonrebreather mask at 6L/min
    nasal cannula at 2-4L/min
    nasal cannula at 6L/min
    nonrebreather mask at 12-15L/min

  23. How should the airway be opened on a patient with suspected cervical spine injury?

    24. Your answer:
    head-tilt
    jaw thrust
    hyperextension of head
    head-tilt, chin lift

  24. Which of the following is appropriate when measuring or inserting an oral airway?

    25. Your answer:
    oral airways are measured for size from the tip of the nose to corner of the jaw
    use oral airways in unresponsive patients with a gag reflex
    oral airways may be inserted by using a tongue depressor
    oral airways are inserted upside down until the flange reaches the teeth, then rotated

  25. How far should the suction catheter tip be inserted into the patient's mouth?

    26. Your answer:
    to the molars
    only as far as you can see
    just to the front teeth
    to the central incisors

  26. What should be done if large amounts of emesis or secretions are present in the patient's airway

    27. Your answer:
    ventilate the patient first, then suction
    long roll the patient and clear the airway
    suction for up to 1 minute, then ventilate
    place the patient in the prone position

  27. What is the maximum length of time to suction a patient between ventilations?

    28. Your answer:
    5 seconds
    15 seconds
    20 seconds
    10 seconds

  28. Which of the following is NOT true of the bag-valve-mask?

    29. Your answer:
    is available in infant, child, and adult sizes
    has a self-inflating bag
    has a pop-off valve set at 40 L/min
    has standardized 15/22-mm adaptor

  29. Which of the following statements is true concerning a flow-regulated oxygen-powered ventilation device?

    30. Your answer:
    the EMT-Basic can use only one hand to ventilate the patient
    a peak flow rate of 80% oxygen occurs at 60 L/min
    an alarm sounds when relief valve pressure is exceeded
    relief valve opens at approximately 100 cm of water

  30. When using a bag-valve-mask on a trauma patient with suspected spinal injury, which of the following is an accepted technique of ventilation?

    31. Your answer:
    a head-tilt, chin lift should be performed to allow for best ventilation
    stabilize the head and neck before ventilation
    use the ring finger and little finger to bring jaw forward to the mask while tilting the head
    ventilate every 3 seconds for adults, children, and infants

  31. Which of the following is a special consideration when ventilating infants and children?

    32. Your answer:
    avoid excessive pressure when using the BVM
    gastric distention is less common in children
    use a BVM with a pop-off valve
    the head needs to be tilted further back from children and infants

  32. What should you do if dentures become dislodged while you are ventilating a patient?

    33. Your answer:
    leave them in place
    take out the upper teeth
    take them out
    pull up on the jaw to hold them in place

  33. The proper place to push on the trachea to perform the Sellick maneuver is _____.

    34. Your answer:
    Adam's apple
    Cricoid ring
    Thyroid cartilage
    Cricothyroid membrane

  34. Most men require an endotracheal tube between _____, and most women usually require a ________.

    35. Your answer:
    8-8.5; 7-8
    8.5-9.5; 7.5-8.5
    8-9; 6-8
    8-10; 6.5-7.5

  35. How far into the endotracheal tube should a stylet be inserted?

    36. Your answer:
    stylet should not be used for intubation
    to the tip of the endotracheal tube
    0.25 inches from the cuff, or proximal end of Murphy's eye
    approximately 1 inch from the end of the tube

  36. Which of following is true:

    37. Your answer:
    infants may require a towel to be placed unde the upper back to elevate the shoulders
    the Sellick maneuver should not be performed on infants prior to intubation
    the endotracheal tube should be inserted into an adult patient until Murphy's eye just passes the vocal cords
    The adult patient's head should be placed in a flexed position when preparing for intubation

  37. Gurgling sound heard over the epigastrium with ventilation mean the tube is in the ________ and must be removed immediately.

    38. Your answer:
    trachea
    esophagus
    vallecula
    right mainstem bronchus

  38. The absence of breath sounds on the left side of the chest and presence of breath sounds on the right sie of the chest after intubation usually means the tube is in the ________.

    39. Your answer:
    esophagus
    right mainstem bronchus
    left mainstem bronchus
    stomach

  39. The maximum amount of time that is allowed for an intubation procedure between ventilations is ______ seconds

    40. Your answer:
    30
    45
    60
    15

  40. A nasogastric tube is indicated for which of the following patients?

    41. Your answer:
    a patient who is alert and responsive with abdominal pain
    a patient you are unable to ventilate because of gastric distention
    a patient with head trauma and without spontaneous respirations
    a patient who is apneic with palpable cental pulse

  41. Which of the following is true?

    42. Your answer:
    the trachea and vocal cords in children are lower and lie more posteriorly than an adult
    the cricoid ring of infants and children becomes less rigid as they mature
    a child's tongue is smaller proportionally than an adult's and takes up less room in the mouth
    the cricoid ring is the narrowest portion of the airway in infants and children

  42. The formula used to select an endotracheal tube size for children is:

    43. Your answer:
    (16 + age in months) divided by 4
    (4 + age in years) divided by 16
    (4 + age in months) divided by 16
    (16 + age in years) divided by 4

  43. Which of the following complications is of greater risk in the infant and child than the adult?

    44. Your answer:
    self-extubation
    mainstem intubation
    esophageal intubation
    the risks are the same

  44. What is the name of the maneuver performed to prevent passive regurgitation?

    45. Your answer:
    Gastric pressure
    Sellick manuever
    Trendelenburg maneuver
    Thyroid maneuver

  45. Which of the following statements best defines the anatomic location of the cricoid ring?

    46. Your answer:
    superior to the thyroid membrane
    superior to the cricothyroid membrane
    inferior to the cricothyroid membrane
    medial to the cricothyroid membrane

  46. Which of the following methods would the EMT-Basic use when intubating?

    47. Your answer:
    orotracheal intubation
    blind intubation
    retrograde intubation
    digital intubation

  47. Which of the following patients meets the criteria for intubation by an EMT-Basic?

    48. Your answer:
    responsive patient with acute pulmonary edema
    patient who is unresponsive to verbal stimulus but has a gag reflex
    an apneic patient who cannot be ventilated with a bag-valve-mask
    responsive patient with difficulty breathing

  48. What size endotracheal tube should be used as a rule for emergency intubation of all adult patients?

    49. Your answer:
    8.5 mm i.d.
    8.0 mm i.d.
    7.5 mm i.d.
    7.0 mm i.d.

  49. When using the curved blade, with anatomic landmark should be used for it placement?

    50. Your answer:
    clottic opening
    epiglottis
    vallecula
    vocal cords

  50. What should be used to lubricate the endotracheal tube?

    51. Your answer:
    tubes should not be lubicated
    vaseline
    water-soluble gel
    water

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