Physical Geography--Weathering and mass wasting

Anita Ho, FVCC

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  1. The chemical union of water with another substance is called ___.

    2. Your answer:
    Solifluction
    Magma
    Hydrolysis
    Isostacy
    Talus

  2. A type of weathering associated with curved and concentric sets of joints breaking away in successive layers is ___.

    3. Your answer:
    Landslide
    Creep
    Solifluction
    Hydrolysis
    Exfoliation

  3. The general term for the overall lowering of the rock material on the Earth’s surface is ___.

    4. Your answer:
    Jointing
    Denudation
    Weathering
    Slumping
    Mass wasting

  4. The most important type of mechanical weathering is ___.

    5. Your answer:
    Hydrolysis
    Uniformitarianism
    Salt wedging
    Frost wedging
    Oxidation

  5. The rock debris which accumulates at the base of steep slopes by gravitational action is ___.

    6. Your answer:
    Slump
    Vesicles
    Creep
    Exfoliation
    Talus

  6. Water penetrating into soil promotes chemical weathering because it is a weak ___.

    7. Your answer:
    Base
    Catalyst
    Saline solution
    Acid
    Neutral agent

  7. Water is a major agent of weathering because of its property that, when it freezes, it decreases in density and ___.

    8. Your answer:
    Turns white
    Stays liquid below 0 degrees Celsius
    Turns acidic
    Expands in volume
    Evaporates

  8. The slowest and least perceptible form of mass wasting is ___.

    9. Your answer:
    Mudflow
    Exfoliation
    Landslide
    Solifluction
    Creep

  9. A joint can be distinguished from a fault in that ___.

    10. Your answer:
    There is wider separation between two sides
    Joints are a features of cold climates exclusively
    There is no difference between joints and faults
    Joints are not found in metamorphic rocks
    There is no movement along joints

  10. The rotting of rock by the various types of chemical weathering takes place best in ___.

    11. Your answer:
    Arid lands
    Upland montane forests
    Polar regions
    Humid regions
    Limestone regions

  11. A slope collapse with a backward rotation along a curved surface is a ___.

    12. Your answer:
    Talus slope
    Rockslide
    Debris flow
    Slump
    Rock glacier

  12. In frost wedging, the principal force is exerted against the ___ of the confining rock.

    13. Your answer:
    Top
    Outside
    Walls
    Microscopic openings
    Bottom

  13. The best example of a product of mass wasting is ___.

    14. Your answer:
    Limestone
    Faults
    Sandstone bornhardts
    Scree
    Exfoliation domes

  14. ___ might happen directly as the result of the removal of an overlying weight from the landscape.

    15. Your answer:
    A slump
    Creep
    Exfoliation
    Hydrolysis
    Mass wasting

  15. A result of soil creep might be ___.

    16. Your answer:
    An earthquake along a fault
    A tilted fence post
    A landslide
    A house engulfed in mud
    A sinking land surface

  16. The peeling of thin layers of stone off a large rock is ___.

    17. Your answer:
    Exfoliation
    Hydrolysis
    Carbonation
    Explosion
    Scree

  17. The process of creep works ___.

    18. Your answer:
    Only in deserts
    Universally
    Only in the tundra
    Only in the tropics
    Only in the mountains

  18. One subsurface material which increases the likelihood of mass movement is ___.

    19. Your answer:
    Batholiths
    Clay
    Quartz
    Scree
    Boulders

  19. Gravity is the main force causing movement in all of the following EXCEPT ___.

    20. Your answer:
    Creep
    Slump
    Hydrolysis
    Fall
    Slide

  20. A slump is a downslope movement along a ___.

    21. Your answer:
    Talus slope
    Lava vesicle
    Curved surface
    Tsunami
    Plateau

  21. In rock, ___ is another term for pressure release.

    22. Your answer:
    Creep
    Rusting
    Oxidation
    Slumping
    Unloading

  22. Which of the following must take place FIRST during the denudation of a landscape?

    23. Your answer:
    Weathering
    Erosion
    Mass wasting
    [They must occur simultaneously]
    [None of these]

  23. The single most important agent of weathering is ___.

    24. Your answer:
    Water
    Water vapor
    Carbon dioxide
    Oxygen
    Nitrogen

  24. Which of the following can trigger large landslides?

    25. Your answer:
    Flooding
    Large joints
    Fault zones
    Earthquakes
    [All of these]

  25. Chemical weathering is speeded because mechanical weathering tends to ___.

    26. Your answer:
    Make coarse-grained materials decompose more rapidly than fine-grained materials
    Greatly increase the surface area to be weathered
    Stop when chemical weathering starts
    Deliver rocks to locations where chemical processes are dominant
    Prevent moisture from washing away the chemicals

  26. Weathering is deepest ___.

    27. Your answer:
    In the midlatitudes
    In the humid tropics
    At high altitudes
    At high latitudes
    On ocean floors

  27. Which of the following is the slowest of all types of mass movement?

    28. Your answer:
    Creep
    Slump
    Earthflow
    Landslide
    Rockfall

  28. Which of the following mass movements involves the greatest amount of water?

    29. Your answer:
    Slide
    Solifluction
    Rockfall
    Slump
    Flow

  29. No matter where you go, which of the following is almost certainly acting on the landscape around you?

    30. Your answer:
    Solifluction
    Slump
    Mudflow
    Landslides
    Creep

  30. In freeze-thaw cycles or wet-dry conditions in soil creep, an individual soil particle tends to ___.

    31. Your answer:
    Be lifted perpendicularly from the ground surface and get placed slightly downhill
    Be lifted vertically
    Slide downhill
    Be lifted vertically and replaced in the same spot
    Slide downhill and then be lifted vertically

  31. Weathering and mass wasting can be classified as ___ processes.

    32. Your answer:
    Tectonic
    Quick
    Denudational
    Constructive
    Mountain-building

  32. Frost wedging is a significant agent in producing ___.

    33. Your answer:
    Mechanical weathering effects
    Large boulders
    Sand
    Dust
    [All of these]

  33. Which of the following is MOST effective in weathering rock?

    34. Your answer:
    Freeze-thaw cycles
    Salt wedging
    Daily heating and cooling
    Plant roots
    Fire

  34. The main chemical weathering processes all take place more or less simultaneously because they all require ___.

    35. Your answer:
    Air
    Water
    Quartz
    Plants
    Hydrogen

  35. Where the land is flat, ___ exerts a minimal influence on topographic development.

    36. Your answer:
    Chemical weathering
    Gravity
    Water
    Biological activity
    Mechanical weathering

  36. Mass wasting is associated with which speed of movement?

    37. Your answer:
    A few m/yr
    100 km/hr
    Imperceptibly slow
    A few cm/day
    [All of these]

  37. Denudation is NOT closely related to ___.

    38. Your answer:
    Internal Earth processes
    Mass wasting
    Atmospheric weathering
    Biological weathering
    Erosion

  38. Which of the following is NOT associated with biological weathering?

    39. Your answer:
    Disintegration of rock by burrowing animals
    Formation of rock joints
    Expansion of rock cracks by tree roots
    Leaching of nutrient minerals from rocks
    Flaking of rock particles because of lichens

  39. Mass wasting is most likely during ___.

    40. Your answer:
    Joint formation
    A solstice
    Freezing temperatures
    Daytime
    Heavy rain

  40. Undercutting of a bank by a stream may trigger ___.

    41. Your answer:
    Solifluction
    Mountain-building
    A landslide
    An earthquake
    Soil creep

  41. As water freezes it expands almost ___% and is able to mechanically weather rock.

    42. Your answer:
    1
    10
    50
    75
    95

  42. ___ is a facilitator of mass wasting.

    43. Your answer:
    Quartz
    Gravel
    Talus
    Friction
    Clay

  43. Which of the following biological processes is also effective in weathering the landscape?

    44. Your answer:
    Wedging by roots
    Ion exchange by lichens
    The burrowing of animals
    [None of these]
    [All of these]

  44. The slight displacement of human-built structures such as fence posts and telephone poles is subtle evidence that ___ has (have) occurred.

    45. Your answer:
    Rockfalls
    Landslides
    Slump
    Creep
    Mudflows

  45. Which of the following processes is most closely associated with “rusting”?

    46. Your answer:
    Hydrolysis
    Oxidation
    Salt wedging
    Hydration
    Carbonation

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