- Which of the following types of research does NOT use data that already exist?
Your answer:
Historical research
Secondary analysis
Survey research
Record-based research
- On a five-point Likert scale, with 1 meaning "disagree" and 5 meaning "agree," a person who neither agreed nor disagreed with the statement would be scored as:
Your answer:
1
5
zero
3
- A major advantage of fixed alternative questions (also known as "forced choice questions") is that they:
Your answer:
All of these answers.
Are easy to construct
Are analyzed in a straightforward manner
Encourage in-depth responses
- "What are the reasons you have not complied with your medication regimen?" is an example of:
Your answer:
A semantic differential question.
A close-ended question.
A fixed-alternative question.
An open-ended question.
- A major purpose of a pretest of an instrument is to:
Your answer:
Obtain some preliminary results on the research problem.
Assess the adequacy of the research design.
Evaluate whether an unstructured approach would be more suitable.
Detect inadequacies in an interview schedule or questionnaire.
- A major advantage of interviews over questionnaires is that:
Your answer:
There is less opportunity for bias.
They are easier to analyze.
They are less expensive.
The quality of the data tends to be higher.
- Questionnaires have the advantage over interviews of:
Your answer:
Offering the possibility of anonymity.
Having high response rates.
Eliminating response set biases.
Being suitable for all types of respondents.
- A semantic differential scale consists of:
Your answer:
Sets of bipolar adjectives arranged along a continuum of degree of feeling about a concept.
A number of test items on semantics.
Items that measure facts rather than attitudes.
A series of declarative statements along an agree-disagree continuum.
- The social desirability response set is least likely to be a problem on scales incorporated into which of the following?
Your answer:
Face-to-face interview
Mailed questionnaire
Telephone interview
All of these answers are equivalent
- Vignettes can easily be incorporated into:
Your answer:
Projective techniques.
Questionnaires.
Focus group interviews.
Observational rating scales.
- When an observer is not concealed, the findings may be biased because of:
Your answer:
Reactivity
Ethical problems
Acquiescence response set
Lack of mobility
- An observer who moves around the site to observe behaviors from different locations is using:
Your answer:
Multiple positioning
Mobile positioning
None of these answers
Single positioning
- Which of the following structured observational methods records the degree of behavior observed along a continuum?
Your answer:
Rating scale
Checklist
Category system
Logs
- In participant observation, data are collected in the form of:
Your answer:
Rating scale
Checklists
Questionnaires
Field notes
- What kind of measure does a sphygmomanometer yield?
Your answer:
An in vitro measure
An in vivo measure
None of these answers
Either an in vivo or in vitro measure
- Which of the following is an example of an in vitro measure?
Your answer:
Electromyogram recordings
Thermistor readings
Stool cultures
Renal arteriograms
- The difference between a true score and an obtained score is referred to as:
Your answer:
Error of measurement
Equivalence
Split-half
Internal consistency
- If an instrument is not reliable, which of the following is true?
Your answer:
The test-retest reliability would be lower than internal consistency reliability.
The internal consistency reliability would be lower than the test-retest reliability.
The instrument cannot be valid.
The instrument is free of measurement errors.
- Suppose a researcher were interested in assessing the adequacy of an instrument to measure the theoretical conceptualization of hopefulness. The type of validation procedure would most probably be:
Your answer:
Content
Construct
Concurrent
Predictive
- What type of validity is concerned with the adequacy of coverage of a topic area?
Your answer:
Face validity
Construct validity
Content validity
Criterion-related validity
- Response-set biases generally lower a scale's:
Your answer:
Reliability
Face validity
Errors of measurement
Transferability
- If both interviews and observations were used to collect data on a single construct in one study, this would be referred to as:
Your answer:
Method triangulation
Data triangulation
Investigator triangulation
Theory triangulation
- If a researcher studying family response to adolescent suicide interviewed parents and siblings independently, the method would be referred to as:
Your answer:
Investigator triangulation
Data triangulation
Theory triangulation
Method triangulation
- A member check involves reviewing data with:
Your answer:
An external auditor
A peer of the researcher
A study participant
A research assistant
- The use of prolonged engagement in the collection of qualitative data enhances which of the following?
Your answer:
Transferability of the data
Credibility of the data
Dependability of the data
Confirmability of the data
- On your word of honor, do you declare that you have been honest in taking this quiz, that you have not discussed the questions or answers in it with anyone else, and that you have not in any way violated the principles of test-taking integrity concerning this quiz?
Your answer:
No
Yes, on my word of honor!