- One of the functions of a rigorous research design in a quantitative study is to have control over:
Your answer:
Dependent variables
Factorial variables
Extraneous variables
Independent variables
- A true experiment requires all of the following EXCEPT:
Your answer:
Double-blind procedures
Randomization
Control
Manipulation
- Which of the following must be present in quasi-experimental research?
Your answer:
Manipulation of a variable
A comparison group
Matching of subjects
Randomization
- Which of the following research designs is weakest in terms of the researcher's ability to establish causality?
Your answer:
Quasi-experimental
Pre-experimental
Experimental
Ex post facto
- In an ex post facto study, as compared with an experimental study, the researcher forfeits control of:
Your answer:
The extraneous variables
The independent variable
The dependent variable
The baseline variable
- In a study in which medical diagnosis is the independent variable, an ex post facto study is essential because the independent variable:
Your answer:
Is practically not manipulable
Is inherently not manipulable
All of these answers
Is ethically not manipulable
- Research projects that collect data at one point in time are referred to as:
Your answer:
Panel studies
Cross-sectional studies
Longitudinal sudies
Retrospective studies
- A study that followed users and non-users of oral contraceptives over a twenty-year period to determine if there were any long-term side effects would be called a:
Your answer:
Repeated measures study
Retrospective study
Time series
Prospective study
- If a researcher wanted to determine how well a prenatal program was meeting its objectives, the type of research would be a(n):
Your answer:
Evaluation
Case-control study
Survey
Pre-experimental study
- Constancy of conditions is often enhanced through:
Your answer:
Avoiding contamination of treatments
Having standard written research protocols
Using a randomized block design
Maximizing the internal validity of the study
- A study is internally valid if:
Your answer:
An experimental design was used
A causal relationship is confirmed
All alternative explanations of the results can be ruled out
A repeated measures design was used
- When subjects' behaviors are affected not by the treatment per se but by their knowledge of participating in a study, the generalizability of the results is limited because of the influence of the:
Your answer:
Treatment effect
Hawthorne effect
History effect
Selection threat
- Ethnographers strive to:
Your answer:
Understand human cultures
Link the etic and emic perspectives into a unified whole
All of the answers to this question.
Develop an etic perspective
- Which of the following approaches involves the use of a procedure known as "constant comparison"?
Your answer:
Ethology
Ethnography
Phenomenology
Grounded theory
- "What is the essence of men's experiences of chemotherapy treatment for prostate cancer?" is an example of a research question within which of the following traditions?
Your answer:
Phenomenology
Ethnography
Ethology
Grounded theory
- "What is the basic social process women use through their menopausal transition?" is an example of a research question within which of the following traditions?
Your answer:
Ethology
Grounded theory
Ethnography
Phenomenology
- The use of both qualitative and quantitative data in a study or cluster of studies serves the important purpose of:
Your answer:
Allowing research subjects to select whether they prefer an unstructured or structured method of responding
Enhancing the validity of the study
Ennhancing the likelihood that the study will be published
Providing researchers with different skills and an opportunity to collaborate
- When the qualitative and quantitative data from a single study are inconsistent with one another, this provides:
Your answer:
Evidence that the findings are not trustworthy
A situation requiring that one type of data or the other be ignored
An excellent publication opportunity
An opportunity to push the line of inquiry on a topic further
- Which of the following types of studies could effectively combine qualitative and quantitative methods?
Your answer:
All of these answers
A follow-up study of cancer survivors
An experimental evaluation of a nursing intervention
A study to develop a new clinical assessment instrument
- Sampling may be defined as the:
Your answer:
Aggregation of study participants who meet a designated set of criteria for inclusion in the study
Technique used to ensure that every element in the population has an equal chance of being included in the study
Identification of the set of elements used for selecting study participnats
Process of selecting a subset of the population to represent the entire population
- Bias in a sample for a quantitative study refers to:
Your answer:
Sample selection in nonprobability-type sampling
The margin of error in the data obtained from samples
Systematic over- or underrepresentation on the attribute of interest vis-a-vis the population
Lack of heterogeneity in the population on the attribute of interest
- Of the following types of sample, which one is considered to be the weakest for quantitative studies:
Your answer:
Quota
Purposive
Systematic
Convenience
- A researcher used a probability-type systematic sampling plan. The sample size was 200. The sampling interval was 250. The first element drawn was 196. The second element would be:
Your answer:
446
396
450
646
- A researcher used a systematic sampling design. The known population size is 3200, and the desired sample size is 160. What is the sampling interval?
Your answer:
20
320
160
16
- In a qualitative study, sample size decisions are often guided by the principle of:
Your answer:
Data saturation
Representativeness of information
Emergent theory
Sample diversity
- On your word of honor, do you declare that you have been honest in taking this quiz, that you have not discussed the questions or answers in it with anyone else, and that you have not in any other way violated the principles of test-taking integrity concerning this quiz?
Your answer:
Yes, on my word of honor.
No.