- The cardoivascular systm is responsible for:
Your answer:
circulating blood around the lungs to gather oxygen
distributing blood to all body parts
providing nutrients to the cells
returning blood to the heart from various body parts
- The main components of the circulatory system are:
Your answer:
the heart, blood vessels, and the blood
the heart, lungs, and spleen
veins, arteries, and capillaries
the heart, veins, and arteries
- An artery is a:
Your answer:
thin-walled vessel that carries blood away from the heart
muscular blood vessel that can dilate or constrict
vessel that carries blood to the body and is alwyas uniform in size
thin-walled vessel that returns blood to the heart
- Capillaries:
Your answer:
are thin-walled vessels that deliver blood to the surface of the skin
deliver co2 and waste to the veins directly from the arteries
have no true function in the cardiovascular system
are microscopic vessels that exchange oxygen and food for CO2 and waste
- The function of the vein is to:
Your answer:
return oxygen-depleted blood and wastes back to the heart
move blood actively with muscular contractions
regulate blood pressure
provide oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body
- Which of the following vessels rely on valves to insure blood movement?
Your answer:
arteries
veins
calillaries
none of the above
- The blood is responsible for transportation of gasses and nutrients and performs several other important functions. Which of the following is not a function of the blood?
Your answer:
excretion of waste products from the body cells to the organs
control of vessel size and vasocontraction
protection against infection
regulation of body temperature and transport of hormones
- Perfusion is:
Your answer:
the elimination of waste from major organs
maintaining an adequate blood pressure to supply the brain with oxygen
the adequate circulation of blood supplying oxygen and nutrients to the cells
the ability of the cells to absorb oxygen and nutrients and eliminate waste
- Shock is inadequate perfusion of the body's tissues and organs. This is called:
Your answer:
hypoperfusion
hypoexcretion
hyperperfusion
hypocirculation
- Sevee bleeding or ______________is the major cause of shock.
Your answer:
hypoperfusion
hemoperfusion
hemorrhage
epistaxis
- The cells and tissues of which organs are most sensitive to inadequate perfusion?
Your answer:
brain, spinal cord, and kidneys
liver, spleen, and kidneys
brain, liver, and spleen
brain, heart, and lungs
- Whenever bleeding is anticipated or discovered, body substances isolation precautions (BSI) are essential. These precautions include:
Your answer:
gloves and 1:100 concentration bleach
gloves, gowns, and masks
gloves, masks, and goggles
full body isolation suits
- For patients showing signs of shock or that have a mechanism of injury that suggests the possibility of shock, on-scene time should be limitied to:
Your answer:
10 minitues
15 minutes
20 minutes
5 minutes
- You find a patient with bright red blood spurting from a wound. This is an example of ____________bleeding.
Your answer:
capillary
lymphatic
arterial
venous
- You find a patient with a steady flow of dark red blood coming from a wound. This type of bleeding is an example of _________bleeding.
Your answer:
lymphatic
arterial
venous
capillary
- Minor bleeding that is slow and oozing is an example of __________ bleeding.
Your answer:
venous
arterial
lymphatic
capillary
- Blood loss that is considered to be serious is the loss of ________ cc in the adult and _______ cc in the child.
Your answer:
1,500, 300
2,000, 500
1,000, 500
500, 250
- You are evaluating a 64-year old male with a laceration to his abdomen. You estimate that he has lost 150 cc of venous blood externally. The patient is restless, pale, and has cool clammy skin. You would consider his blood loss to be ____________.
Your answer:
serious
minor if blood loss is easily controlled
insignificiant
potentially serious
- The body's normal response to bleeding is:
Your answer:
constriction of the injured blood vessel
dilation of the injured blood vessel
discontinuation of blood flow to that vessel
none of the above
- Detailed examinations and treatment of the patient suffering shock are best done:
Your answer:
in the ambluance before leaving the scene
in the hospital, under the direction of a physician
in the ambulance while en route to the hospital
on the scene before you move the patient
- The EMT should treat for shock:
Your answer:
only when blood loss is significant
only when the blood pressure falls below 90 mmHg
when signs and symptoms of hypoperfusion appear
any time he/she thinks shock may develop
- Assesment are care of any patient always begins with:
Your answer:
providing high-concentration oxygen
assessing for major bleeding
assessing for signs of shock
opening and assessing the airway
- Assessing circulation includes:
Your answer:
checking rate and quality of pulses
checking for and controlling external bleeding
checking rate and quality of pulses and blood pressure and controlling external bleeding
checking rate and quality of pulses, skin color, and temperature, and controlling external bleeding
- Control of major external bleeding should be accomplished:
Your answer:
as soon as you arrive at the patient's side, before opening the airway
during the initial asessment after the ABCs are complete
in the secondary assessment after all injuries and wounds are identified
in the secondary assessment, as soon as it is recognized
- The earliest sign of shock is:
Your answer:
changes in the patient's level of consciousness
cool clammy skin
nausea and vomiting
a decrease in blood pressure below 90mmHg
- You are applying direct pressure to a wrist laceration to control venuous bleeding. You note that the blood continues to seep through and around your dressing. You should:
Your answer:
apply another dressing oer the orginial, elevate the arm, and continue to apply pressure
locate and apply pressure to an appropriate "pressure point" immediately
remove the initial dressing and apply a new one
apply toruniquet just above the wound
- After applying a pressure dressing to an extremity wound it is important
Your answer:
check the proximal pulse to ensure adequate circulation
check distal pulse to ensure adequate circulation
apply pressure to proximal pressure point
lossen the dressing as soon as the bleeding stops
- A pressure point is:
Your answer:
a site where rouriquets are applied to control bleeding
a site where a large vein lies close to the body surface, directly over a bone.
an area where large capillary beds lie just under the skin
a site where a large artery lies close to the body surface, directly over a bone
- To control bleeding in an upper extremity that does not respond to direct pressure and elevation:
Your answer:
compress the femoral artery against the humerus
compress the brachial artery against the femur
compress the brachial artery against the humerus
conpress the femoral artery against the pelvis
- The skin, fatty tissues, muscles, blood vessels, fibrous tissues, glands, and nerves are all considered to be:
Your answer:
soft tissues
hard tissues
hollow tissues
connective tissues
- Application of acold pack to an injury may help to reduce bleeding, pain, and swelling. Correct application of a cold pack to an injury site includes:
Your answer:
wrap ice bag/cold pack in a cloth or a towel and apply to the wound
soak a sterile dressing in ice water and apply to the injury site.
place ice in a plastice bag and apply directly to the wound
apply ice directly on the wound
- ourniquets may be used to stop external loss:
Your answer:
as a definitive measure to stop any bleeding
as an adjunct to direct pressure and elevation to control blood loss from an extremity
any time a pressure point must be used to stop blood loss from an extremity
only when all other measures have failed
- Proper application of a tourniquet includes:
Your answer:
a wide material a singel layer thick 1/2" proximal to the wound
a narrow material, 1/2" distal to the wound
a wide material several layers thick 1/2" proximal to the wound
application of a thin material such as wire or string 1/2" proximal to the wound
- Bleeding from the nose or ear resulting from head trauma:
Your answer:
should be treated like all other bleeding and controlled with diret pressure
should be stopped by packing the nose or ear with rolled guaze pads
is insignificant as external bleeding never results from head injury
should be allowed to flow freely and collected with loose gauze
- Control of blood loss from epistaxis:
Your answer:
should be done with the patient leaning forward while the fleshy portion of the nose is pinched
should be done with the patient lying supine while the nose is pinched
should be done while the patient is reclined with the neck extended while the nose is pinched
should be done by packing the nose with rolled guaze
- Which of the following are appropriate reasons why internal blood loss can be serious?
Your answer:
Damage to organs and large vessels can cause great blood loss in a short period of time
Internal blood loss can be difficult to identify
Internal blood loss an be caused by extremity trauma
All of the above
- Suspicion of internal bleeding and estimates of severity should be based on:
Your answer:
the patient's level of consciousness and blod pressure
signs of bruising and discoloration of the abdomen and signs of symptoms of early shock
signs and symptoms of early shock and mechanism of injury
the paient's blood pressure and signs and symptoms of shock
- The leading cause of internal injury and bleeding is:
Your answer:
blunt trauma
gunshot wounds
stab wounds
blast injuries
- Treatment of internal blood loss should begin:
Your answer:
when the patient shows decreased level of consciousness
when the blood pressure falls below 90 mmHg
immediately for any patient that has a mechanism of injury to suggest possible internal injury
only when signs and symptoms of shock appear
- Definitive are of internal bleeding can only be done:
Your answer:
by a paramedic trained to recognize signs of internal bleeding
by the EMT in the field
in the hospital operating room
in the hospital emergency room
- Shock caused by a loss of blood volume is called:
Your answer:
vasogenic shock
hypovolemic shock
cardiogenic shock
neurogenic shock
- Shock caused by inadequate function of the heart is called:
Your answer:
cardiogenic shock
neurogenic shock
vasogenic shock
hypovolemic shock
- Which of the following is more important for the EMT-B?
Your answer:
calling for early initiation of ALS level care
diagnosing the type of shock present and knowing its causes
recognizing and treating shock
doing a thorough assessment of the patient on the accident scene
- Increased heart rate, cool pale skin, and increased respiratory rate are all signs/symptoms of:
Your answer:
compensated shock
decompensated shock
irreversible shock
none of the above
- The largest organ of the human body is the:
Your answer:
skin
liver
brain
lungs
- The body's earliest atempts to deal with decreased perfusion is called"
Your answer:
irreversible shock
decompensated shock
compensated shock
augmented shock
- Decompensated shock begins:
Your answer:
at the point when the body can no longer adjust for a lack of perfusion
at the point when organ/tissue damage occurs
at the onset of cardiac arrest
at the point when decreased perfusion first begins
- When the brain is deprived of oxygen, mental and behavioral changes may occur. The changes usually include:
Your answer:
restlessness, anxiety, and combativeness
fatigue, thirst, and combativeness
anxiety and fatique
fatigue and confusion
- The golden hour begins:
Your answer:
when you receive the call for help
when you arrive at the scene
when the patient arrives at the hospital
at the time of injury
- The skin functions to do all of the following EXCEPT:
Your answer:
temperature regulation
fat production
fluid maintenance
protection