- All other factors being equal, the risk of stream flooding is probably greatest:
Your answer:
in an area that receives its rain mostly in a few intense storms.
in an area that receives little rain.
in a very cold climate where the snow rarely melts.
in an area where a high annual rainfall amount is evenly distributed throughout the year.
- The probablility that a 25-year flood will occur in any one year is:
Your answer:
40 %.
2.5 %.
4 %.
25 %.
- The risk of flooding would be reduced by:
Your answer:
rapid spring snow melting.
very porous and permeable surface material in a stream's drainage basin.
the removal of surface vegetation in the drainage basin.
all of the above.
- Urbanization in a floodplain:
Your answer:
does not occur because it would be dangerous.
has no effect on flood hazards.
increases flood hazards by reducing floodplain storage capacity and increasing surface runoff amounts.
reduces flood hazards by preventing infiltration.
- The depth at which the circular motion of water from surface waves decreases to zero is:
Your answer:
the wave base.
the wave crest.
the wave height.
the sea floor.
- Along an irregularly shaped coastline, areas most susceptible to erosion include:
Your answer:
recessed bays into which breakers come rolling from the deeper sea.
headlands projecting into the deeper sea.
areas downcurrent of piers or breakwaters.
none of these; all points along a given coastline are affected equally.
- A dam is built across a stream capable of transporting a significant sediment load. The river will:
Your answer:
erode sediment downstream of the dam and deposit sediment upstream of the dam.
not change upstream but will deposit sediment downstream of the dam.
deposit sediment downstream of the dam and erode sediment upstream of the dam.
not change downstream but will deposit sediment upstream of the dam.
- If piers or groins are constructed perpendicular to a sandy beach along which there is a north-south flowing logshore current there will be:
Your answer:
erosion north of the obstacles, sediment deposition south of the obstacles.
sediment deposition on both sides of the obstacles.
erosion will take place north and south of the obstacles.
sediment deposition north of the obstacles and erosion south of the obstacles.
- Causes of shifts in the relative elevation of land and sea along a coast include:
Your answer:
tectonic subsidence or uplift.
partial melting of icecaps.
the onset of regional or global glacier formation.
all of the previous answers.
- When waves roll acoss the beach at an angle to the shoreline a ________ may develop.
Your answer:
groin
longshore current
delta
spit
- If a slope in unconsolidated material is unstable due to high water content:
Your answer:
it may be stabilized by covering the slope with large buildings.
it may be stabilized by covering the slope with permeable material.
nothing can be done to reduce the mass wasting hazard.
it may be dewatered by installation of subsurface drainage pipes.
- Trees, fence posts or grave markers tilted in the downslope direction are indicators of:
Your answer:
soil creep.
subsurface ashflow deposits.
permafrost.
swelling soils.
- The maximum slope angle at which material is stable is known as the slope's:
Your answer:
cohesive force.
angle of repose.
angle of stabilization.
scarp angle.
- What are the fastest speeds that mass masting materials can move?
Your answer:
Approximately 200 - 400 miles per hour.
Approximately 20 miles per hour.
Approximately 1000 - 2000 miles per hour.
Approximately 2000 - 4000 miles per hour.
- Mass wasting events characterized by downward motion along a concave slip surface are known as:
Your answer:
slides.
falls.
creep.
slumps.
- Plate tectonic activity may encourage large or small scale glaciation by:
Your answer:
creating new ocean floor.
earthquakes.
changing the position and/or elevations of continents.
none of the above.
- About what percent of the world's total fresh water is contained in glaciers?
Your answer:
about 95%
about 2%
about 25%
about 75%
- Which of the following statements is not true of dunes?
Your answer:
They aren't necessarily made of sand-sized particles.
They may be stabilized by vegetation.
Once formed, they grow larger and larger but remain stationary.
They have a characteristic shape, shallower in slope upwind.
- Over the long term, what is the best method for combatting desertification?
Your answer:
Build pipelines or aqueducts to transport water to the affected areas.
Develop a new type of golf course grass that requires less water.
Restrict, via zoning ordinances, the number of people allowed to live in arid terrains.
Develop a new species of native vegetation that requires less water.
- The natural sandblasting erosion caused by wind-transported sediments is critical to the formation of:
Your answer:
dunes.
loess.
desert pavement.
ventifacts.
- What flood type has a short peak lag time btween the flood-initiating event and the resulting flood?
Your answer:
- The volume of water that passes an observation point in a stream in a given period of time is termed the stream's ___________.
Your answer:
- To a geologist, what mass wasting hazard reduction technique, discussed in class, makes the most sense?
Your answer:
- Of the various flood hazard reduction strategies discussed in class, this technique has the greatest effect on the stream ecosystem.
Your answer:
- What flood control technique may displace people or structures but subsequently generates abundant recreational activities and perhaps electric power?
Your answer:
- What human constructed shoreline protection feature, placed parallel to the shore in shallow waters, may protect the beach directly behind it but encourages erosion on the beach diagonal to the edges of the structure?
Your answer:
- What term describes the distance between adjacent crests or troughs of a waveform?
Your answer:
- A slope's internal resistance to downslope motion is described by what pair of words?
Your answer:
- What greenhouse gas produced by humans may also be emitted by volcanoes in large amounts?
Your answer:
- What is the name of the graph that enables the flooding cycles of a stream section to be evaluated?
Your answer: