- Which of the following is not a feature of seafloor divergent tectonic plate boundaries?
Your answer:
earthquakes
rising magma
subduction
transform faults
- Seafloor is created at oceanic spreading ridges and destroyed:
Your answer:
in transform faults.
at divergent plate tectonic boundaries.
at the equator.
in subduction zones.
- Typical rates of tectonic plate movement are:
Your answer:
2 to 3 centimeters per year.
2 to 3 meters per year.
2 to 3 megameters per year.
2 to 3 kilometers per year.
- According to plate tectonic theory, convergence of lithospheric plate capped by oceanic crust with a lithospheric plate capped by continental crust should generate what physical phenomena?
Your answer:
non-volcanic mountains and earthquakes
oceanic volcanic mountains and earthquakes
continental volcanic mountains and earthquakes
new ocean floor
- People in southern california face a much greater risk of earthquakes than people residing in Michigan. Why?
Your answer:
Southern Californians are being punished for their amoral, "Hollywood" lifestyles.
Southern California lies directly on a tectonic plate boundary while Michigan is situated far away from any active tectonic plate boundaries.
Southern California lies close to the ocean and the ocean waves help to trigger earthquakes.
None of the above reasons are correct.
- Volcanic ash, cinders and bombs are examples of __________ material.
Your answer:
phreatic
fissure
plutonic
pyroclastic
- Which of the following volcano structure types typically erupts with the most explosive energy?
Your answer:
cinder cone
composite volcano (stratovolcano)
seamount
shield volcano
- Strategies for stopping an advancing lava flow include all of the following except:
Your answer:
constructing dams and/or levees to try to impound or divert the lava.
constructing a dense, massive plug to clog the vent from which the magma is coming.
using explosives to punch holes selectively in a flow's hardened crust to divert the remaining liquid lava.
spraying water on the flow front to cool it.
- A dormant volcano is one that:
Your answer:
has not erupted within recent history but appears "fresh-looking" and is not severely eroded.
is not expected to erupt again.
has not erupted within recent history and is very eroded and worn.
has erupted within the past few years but is presently inactive.
- A hot, denser-than-air glowing cloud of gas and ash that may erupt from stratovolcanoes is known as a:
Your answer:
cinder flow.
lahar.
composite flow.
nue'e ardente.
- When a volcano known for eruption of nue'es ardentes shows signs of activity:
Your answer:
there is no need for concern, nue'e ardente eruptions pose little threat to life or property.
precautionary evacuation is prudent since the exact moment at which a nue'e ardente may emerge cannot be predicted.
it is safe to wait for the first eruption to evacuate because of the slow-moving nature of the nue'e ardente.
evacuation can be timed precisely with the monitoring of the appropriate volcanic eruption precursors.
- If you were living ten miles from the flank of an active volcano, which volcano structure and lava type would pose the greatest risk to your property for lava flow damage?
Your answer:
cinder cone - basaltic lava pyroclasts
ice cream cone - vanilla lava
shield volcano - basaltic lava
composite volcano (stratovolcano) - andesitic or rhyolitic lava
- You are hiking in volcanic terrane, five miles from the summit of an active volcano. Suddenly an eruption starts to take place. If you have to cover one mile on foot to reach a place of safety, you pray that the volcano is generating which of the following?
Your answer:
a mudflow
a nue'e ardente
a lava flow
a lahar
- An earthquake's epicenter is:
Your answer:
the line along which the fault moved.
the point on the Earth's surface first affected by the earthquake's released energy.
the point of first break along the fault.
the point on the far side of the Earth, directly opposite the earthquake.
- Deep-focus earthquakes commonly occur:
Your answer:
in subduction zones.
along transform faults.
at spreading ridges.
all of the above.
- Which of the following statements is not true?
Your answer:
On a worldwide average, the largest energy release earthquakes, with Richter magnitudes over 8, occur only once every few years.
There are many more low magnitude earthquakes each year, and these account for most of the seismic energy released by earthquakes each year.
While great earthquakes (M > 7) are rare, there may be hundreds of thousands of small earthquakes (M< or = 4) each year.
There is not predefined upper limit to the Richter magnitude scale.
- Earthquake intensity:
Your answer:
is measured on the Richter scale.
is the same everywhere for a given earthquake.
is a subjective measure based partly on personal observations.
all of the above are correct.
- How well a concrete structure withstands an earthquake depends on:
Your answer:
the basic design of the structure.
the duration of the main shock.
the material on which the structure is built.
all of the above are correct.
- Direct earthquake-related hazards include all of the following except:
Your answer:
release of huge volumes of pyroclasts.
landslides.
seismic sea waves (tsunamis).
soil liquefaction.
- The difference in ground motion between a Richter magnitude 6 and a Richter magnitude 4 earthquake is:
Your answer:
0.67 times.
100 times.
2 times.
1.5 times.
- Earthquake intensity is measured on the ___________ scale.
Your answer:
- This instrument is often placed on volcanoes to measure minor changes in surface elevation.
Your answer:
- Of the two types of Earth's crust, which is the thinner and denser of the two?
Your answer:
- What two gases may be emitted in significant quantities by volcanoes and thereby influence the magnitude of the Earth's greenhouse effect?
Your answer:
- What gas may be emiited in significant quantities by volcanoes and contribute to the production of acid rain?
Your answer:
- Are the two active volcanoes on the Big Island of Hawaii characterized by passive or explosive eruptions?
Your answer:
- What instrument is used to locate and measure the severity of earthquakes?
Your answer:
- What physical layer of the Earth behaves in a brittle fashion when stressed to a high degree?
Your answer:
- Of the two types of Earth's crust, which is the thicker and less dense of the two?
Your answer:
- What physical layer of the Earth behaves in a plastic fashion as a consequence of heat absorption?
Your answer: